Learning
Log (Reflect)
The ability to use a
language in a communicative way, however, is not just a single unified skill.
Most recent thinking has divided language ability into four separate skill
areas; listening, reading, speaking, and writing. Hence, teachers need to apply
at least two skills in their classes. Moreover, they need to pick modern
materials and various methods out for their learners. Including assessing and
testing.
According to language
teaching basic 4 skills, the first important skill is listening skill. Listening
is a neurological cognitive regarding the processing of auditory stimuli received
by the auditory system, which it the beginning of others skill. Pay attends on
listening teaching. It divides in two styles; listening diphthong and listening
comprehension. In addition, there are 5 steps of teaching listening skill; the
step begin with teachers teach sound words and emphasize sentence to students.
The second step understands individual words. Third, identifying and understanding
sentences. Next step, listening to unfamiliar material and the last step is
colloquialism or vernacular. All of consider, whether listening skill or
speaking skill are important skills for communicative learning and teaching.
Speaking skill is an important
skill in language teaching not less than other skills so teacher has to know
the principles for teaching speaking. First of the principles is be aware of
the differences between second language and foreign language learning contexts.
Its mean, speaking is learned in two broad contexts: foreign language and second
language situations. The challenges you face as a teacher are determined partly
by the target language context. Thus you should have to try to use it with
people who speak English or native speakers. Second is teacher should give learners
practice with both fluency and accuracy. Third is teacher provides
opportunities for learners to talk by using group work or pair work, and
limiting teacher talk. Fourth is teacher plans speaking tasks that involve
negotiation for meaning. And the final important is teacher design classroom
activities that involve guidance and practice in both transactional and
interactional speaking. If you succeed in two above skills, you will able to
fluent the following skill.
Writing is a medium of
communication that represents language through the inscription of signs and
symbols. Within a language system, writing relies on many of the same
structures as speech, such as vocabulary, grammar and semantics, with the added
dependency of a system of signs or symbols, usually in the form of a formal
alphabet. Motivations for writing teaching include publication, storytelling,
correspondence and diary, folding story, picture story, picture and writing and
music and writing, etc. Furthermore, teachers need to understand principles of
writing method teaching, they contain of 3 main parts are pre-writing
(planning, selecting topic, drafting and editing), while writing (revising) and
post writing (publishing). Consequently the result of writing is generally
called text, and the recipient of text is called a reader.
The reader is who able
to read or understand data or information by visual. Reading can unlock
thousands of opportunities throughout the world. So learners need to be able to
read, whether in their own language or English language. Especially, English
language learning because reading also helps them to learn and get English. Consequently,
teachers should design activities and select appropriate materials or
methodologies with your students. Such as train schedules, newspaper articles,
and travel and tourism Web sites become appropriate classroom materials,
because reading them is one way communicative competence is developed.
Instruction in reading and reading practice thus become essential parts of
language teaching at every level. All of considered, teachers have to design
activities with appropriate basic on 4 skill approaches for learners. Besides
people are always encouraging teachers to use new things: for example,
computers, online sites and mobile devices.
Currently educations as
play as technology world, so modern teachers have to apply technology useful in
the classroom. There are various techniques and technologies. For example using
boards (black board, white board and interactive white board or smart board),
flipchart for doing gallery walk (group work), overhead projector (OHP) for
showing information, computer by using online programs and internet by using
social network like twitter, Google+, Facebook, Blog etc. Likewise, there are
authentic materials to support the approach that is blended learning, based
from course book and websites (on the internet). In addition using pictures,
cards and strips of paper are ones of teaching with technology method. By the
way, after teaching, learners were tested and assessed by teachers.
Students are often
assessed and tested to see how well they done. There are 2 main types of test
item; direct test item (based on 4 macro skill) and indirect test items, for
example gap fills, cloze, multiple choice, true or false, jumbled sentences, proofreading
and matching. Although teachers assessing learners by testing, they also using
assessment. The assessment to develop learners in classroom divide in eight
types; formative, summative, informal, diagnostic, placement, progress,
achievement and proficiency. Moreover, there is new assessment tool; rubric.
What is the “rubric”? A rubric is a multi-purpose scoring guide for assessing
student products and performances. A rubric involves four components; task
description, scale, dimensions description of the dimensions.
To summarize, in
learning and teaching language, you should realize and understand 4 based
language skills; listening skill, speaking skill, writing skill and reading
skill. Furthermore teachers need to design appropriately activities for their
learners’ level. Besides teachers have to assess and test learners for check
their developing after they had learned.
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